Selected work

The evidence behind the headline.

A curated selection of published journalism, original Freedom of Information work and substantial research. Every figure and publication listed here links to the original source.

01 · Published stories

Journalism & investigations

FOI investigationThe Guardian2022

Fewer than 1% of alleged illegal tree-felling cases resulted in conviction

The question

How often did reports of illegal tree felling actually lead to a successful prosecution?

The method

A Freedom of Information response from the Forestry Commission covering reported cases from 2012–13 to 2021–22, with fines and enforcement records checked for context.

The finding

Of 4,002 reports across the decade, 15 ended in a successful prosecution—a rate of 0.4%. The average fine among those convictions was £1,847.

The result

Published as an original environment investigation in The Guardian in November 2022.

Read in The Guardian
Council licensing surveyThe Guardian2022

Nearly 2,500 dangerous wild animals kept by private collectors in England

The question

What dangerous wild animals were licensed to private owners—and where were they being kept?

The method

Council licensing data was assembled into a national picture under the Dangerous Wild Animals Act, then examined by place and species.

The finding

The survey identified nearly 2,500 licensed animals, including big cats, primates, crocodilians, venomous snakes and other exotic species.

The result

Published as a national data story in The Guardian in August 2022.

Read in The Guardian
Multi-force police dataThe Guardian2023

Recorded crimes against waterfowl rose 59% in two years

The question

Were attacks on swans, ducks and geese isolated incidents—or part of a wider pattern?

The method

Police records from England and Wales were obtained under Freedom of Information laws and combined, with individual incident descriptions used to show what sat behind the total.

The finding

Police recorded 62 crimes from 2020 to 2022, with the annual count rising 59% across the period. The records included shootings, mutilations and deliberate drownings.

The result

Published as an original national investigation in The Guardian in June 2023.

Read in The Guardian

02 · Evidence built from scratch

Original data & FOI work

Original analysisThe Guardian2022

The cost of crop circles to English farmers

The question

Could the physical and financial cost of crop circles be quantified rather than treated as folklore?

The method

An original analysis combined records for 92 crop circles with their estimated dimensions, affected crops and contemporary commodity prices.

The finding

More than 40 football pitches' worth of arable land had been affected since 2018, with an estimated £30,000 in lost farm income.

The result

The dataset became a reported feature in The Guardian in September 2022.

Read in The Guardian
Official trade dataThe Guardian2022

The elephant parts left outside Britain's ivory ban

The question

Would the new ban stop trade in every part of an elephant—or only ivory?

The method

The legislation was checked against official import records for non-ivory elephant parts over the preceding decade.

The finding

The UK had imported 325 non-ivory elephant parts—including skins, feet, ears and tails—while the new law did not cover those products.

The result

Published in The Guardian ahead of the Ivory Act coming into force in June 2022.

Read in The Guardian
National FOI studyForest2019

Prejudice and Prohibition: smoking and vaping policies in NHS hospitals

The question

How did NHS trusts regulate smoking and vaping on hospital grounds—and how were those policies changing?

The method

A coordinated Freedom of Information study gathered policy data from NHS trusts in England, then compared acute and mental-health trusts and regional patterns.

The finding

The published study mapped policies across 170 responding trusts, including smoking bans, vaping rules, planned changes and methods of enforcement.

The result

Produced as a 67-page research report with methodology, findings, trust-level appendices and references.

Open the report

03 · Long-form research

Reports & analysis

Economic analysisInstitute of Economic Affairs2017

Obesity and the Public Purse

The question

What was the net—not merely gross—effect of obesity on UK government finances?

The method

The report constructed a counterfactual combining healthcare and welfare costs with taxes, pensions and other government payments associated with premature mortality.

The finding

It estimated a net annual fiscal cost of £2.47 billion in 2016 prices after accounting for £3.6 billion in avoided expenditure.

The result

Published as a full discussion paper. The publisher records subsequent coverage in the Daily Express and Metro.

View the report
Workforce & policy researchInstitute of Economic Affairs2020

Is There a Doctor in the House?

The question

How exposed was the NHS to a longer-term shortage of doctors after the pandemic?

The method

The research combined international physician comparisons, NHS vacancy and specialty data, demographic pressures and a review of workforce rules.

The finding

It identified the UK's relatively low physician density, reliance on overseas-trained doctors and pronounced gaps in specialties including emergency and respiratory medicine.

The result

Published as a long-form report and reported by The Independent at launch.

View the report
Counterfactual analysisInstitute of Economic Affairs2022

The Hangover: the cost of minimum alcohol pricing in Scotland

The question

What did minimum unit pricing cost consumers after its first four years?

The method

Co-authored analysis compared Scottish off-trade alcohol sales after implementation with a counterfactual based on England and Wales, using Public Health Scotland data.

The finding

The report estimated a net consumer cost of £270 million over four years, or £59.39 per adult.

The result

Published as a co-authored quantitative research paper in May 2022.

View the report
Public-data researchInstitute of Economic Affairs2024

Robin Hood in Reverse

The question

Was UK aid funding projects in regions richer than some parts of the UK?

The method

The work searched the government's Development Tracker and UK Research and Innovation records, then compared recipient regions with UK local economic data.

The finding

It identified aid-funded projects in relatively affluent regions of upper-middle-income countries and examined how the allocation rules treated regional inequality.

The result

Published as a research paper in August 2024 and covered by The Telegraph.

View the report

Publishers are identified on individual items as a factual record of publication. Inclusion does not imply that RecordSignal endorses any publisher's political or institutional position. Findings are described in the terms used by the underlying published work, with no invented claims of impact.

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